"The Meditations" by Descartes
The meditations on first philosophy; (1641): (subtitled in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated) is a philosophical treatise. The book is made up of six meditations, in which Descartes first discards all belief in things which are not absolutely certain, and then tries to establish what can be known for sure. The meditations were written as if he were meditating for 6 days: each meditation refers to the last one as "yesterday". (In fact, Descartes began work on the Meditations in 1639.)
The Meditations consist of the presentation of Descartes' metaphysical system in its most detailed level and in the expanding of Descartes' philosophical system.
Meditation I: Concerning Those Things That Can Be Called into Doubt - If I am dreaming/deceived, then my beliefs/senses are unreliable.
Meditation II: Concerning the Nature of the Human Mind: That it is better known Than the Body - In other words, one's consciousness implies one's existence.
Meditation III: Concerning God, That He Exists - He argues that the idea of God is Innate and placed in us by God, and he rejected the possibility that the idea of God is Invented or Adventitious.
Meditation IV: Concerning the True and the False - If I've gotten everything in me from God and He hasn't given me the ability to make errors, it doesn't seem possible for me ever to error.
Meditation V: Concerning the Essence of Material Things, and Again Concerning God, That He Exists - Before asking whether any such objects exist outside me, I ought to consider the ideas of these objects as they exist in my thoughts and see which are clear and which confused.
Meditation VI: Concerning the Existence of Material Things and the Real Distinction between Mind and Body - Descartes addresses the potential existence of material outside of the self and God. First, he asserts that such objects can exist simply because God is able to make them. Knowing that the existence of such objects is possible, Descartes then turns to the prevalence of mental images as proof.
The meditations on first philosophy; (1641): (subtitled in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated) is a philosophical treatise. The book is made up of six meditations, in which Descartes first discards all belief in things which are not absolutely certain, and then tries to establish what can be known for sure. The meditations were written as if he were meditating for 6 days: each meditation refers to the last one as "yesterday". (In fact, Descartes began work on the Meditations in 1639.)
The Meditations consist of the presentation of Descartes' metaphysical system in its most detailed level and in the expanding of Descartes' philosophical system.
Meditation I: Concerning Those Things That Can Be Called into Doubt - If I am dreaming/deceived, then my beliefs/senses are unreliable.
Meditation II: Concerning the Nature of the Human Mind: That it is better known Than the Body - In other words, one's consciousness implies one's existence.
Meditation III: Concerning God, That He Exists - He argues that the idea of God is Innate and placed in us by God, and he rejected the possibility that the idea of God is Invented or Adventitious.
Meditation IV: Concerning the True and the False - If I've gotten everything in me from God and He hasn't given me the ability to make errors, it doesn't seem possible for me ever to error.
Meditation V: Concerning the Essence of Material Things, and Again Concerning God, That He Exists - Before asking whether any such objects exist outside me, I ought to consider the ideas of these objects as they exist in my thoughts and see which are clear and which confused.
Meditation VI: Concerning the Existence of Material Things and the Real Distinction between Mind and Body - Descartes addresses the potential existence of material outside of the self and God. First, he asserts that such objects can exist simply because God is able to make them. Knowing that the existence of such objects is possible, Descartes then turns to the prevalence of mental images as proof.
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